The flux of interstellar dust observed by Ulysses and Galileo

Interstellar dust detected by the dust sensor onboard Ulysses was first identified after the Jupiter flyby when the spacecraft's trajectory changed dramatically (Grün et al., 1994). Here we report on two years of Ulysses post-Jupiter data covering the range of ecliptic latitudes from 0° to –54° and distances from 5.4 to 3.2 AU. We find that, over this time period, the flux of interstellar dust particles with a mean mass of 3·10^–13 g stays nearly constant at about 1·10^–4, m^–2 s^–1 ( sr)^–1, with both ecliptic latitude and heliocentric distance.Also presented are 20 months of measurements from the identical dust sensor onboard the Galileo spacecraft which moved along an in-ecliptic orbit from 1.0 to 4.2 AU. From the impact direction and speeds of the measured dust particles we conclude that Galileo almost certainly sensed interstellar dust outside 2.8 AU; interstellar particles may also account for part of the flux seen between 1 and 2.8 AU.     

气膜孔形状对排孔下游冷却效率的影响

 实验研究了气膜孔几何形状及吹风比对孔排下游的局部冷却效率的影响。所用孔形是簸箕形孔、圆锥形孔及圆柱形孔,实验的参数范围为二次流孔径雷诺数 Re=10000～ 25000,二次流吹风比 M=0.3～ 2.0,在上述范围选取了 26个工况分别对 3种孔形进行了实验。结果表明 :圆锥形孔、簸箕形孔及圆柱形孔的最佳吹风比分别为 1.0,0.7及 0.5。当吹风比大于 0.7时,带有扩张型出口的气膜孔的冷却效率和冷却区域均优于圆柱形孔。     

旋翼诱发砂尘环境及其对直升机的危害

 用直升机模型进行试验研究,制造了“直升机”在地面附近不同高度悬停及不同桨盘载荷下诱发砂尘环境,考察了旋翼诱发砂尘对直升机的实际危害,测定了某些指定部位的砂尘浓度与作用力及砂尘粒度分布情况。理论分析,计算了机身周围旋翼诱导流场,并经实验检验了直升机旋翼诱发砂尘浓度、粒度分布规律及作用力的近似估算方法。     

煤粉热解的激波管测试法及其控制系统

本文主要介绍煤粉热解的激波管测试法及其系统的原理和软件、硬件系统组成。本系统的特点是控制与测试系统既相互独立又有数据传递。特别是控制系统采用模块化的设计方法,集控制与管理为一体。硬件布局合理可靠、软件丰富,且各软件模块间相互调用,克服了机器内存不够的缺陷。还具有手动操作和自动控制两种功能,可广泛应用于其它小型风洞及其它机械设备的控制。     

激波对管内壁堆积粉尘作用的实验研究

用水平激波管研究了激波对管内壁堆积粉尘的抛撒效应。试验粉尘为玉米粉(平均直径5μm),采用 YA-16高速摄影机观察了激波特性和粉尘云的发展。结果表明,在激波扫过堆积粉尘与粉尘被扬起存在一定时间滞后,粉尘云的高度也是有限的。     

智能微尘技术的发展及应用

智能微尘是一种关于微型无线传感器的新兴技术.本文着重介绍了智能微尘技术的应用情况,并对目前存在的问题和发展趋势做了简要的叙述.     

簸箕形排孔气膜冷却实验研究

 对五孔单排簸箕形孔气膜冷却进行了实验研究。测出了孔排下游的局部换热系数及冷却效率，并研究了喷气雷诺数及吹风比的影响，实验参数范围是：喷气雷诺数Re=10000～25000,吹风比M=0.3～2.0,测量分26个工况进行。     

MIDAS – The Micro-Imaging Dust Analysis System for the Rosetta Mission

The International Rosetta Mission is set for a rendezvous with Comet 67 P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko in 2014. On its 10 year journey to the comet, the spacecraft will also perform a fly-by of the two asteroids Stein and Lutetia in 2008 and 2010, respectively. The mission goal is to study the origin of comets, the relationship between cometary and interstellar material and its implications with regard to the origin of the Solar System. Measurements will be performed that shed light into the development of cometary activity and the processes in the surface layer of the nucleus and the inner coma. The Micro-Imaging Dust Analysis System (MIDAS) instrument is an essential element of Rosetta’s scientific payload. It will provide 3D images and statistical parameters of pristine cometary particles in the nm-μm range from Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. According to cometary dust models and experience gained from the Giotto and Vega missions to 1P/Halley, there appears to be an abundance of particles in this size range, which also covers the building blocks of pristine interplanetary dust particles. The dust collector of MIDAS will point at the comet and collect particles drifting outwards from the nucleus surface. MIDAS is based on an Atomic Force Microscope (AFM), a type of scanning microprobe able to image small structures in 3D. AFM images provide morphological and statistical information on the dust population, including texture, shape, size and flux. Although the AFM uses proven laboratory technology, MIDAS is its first such application in space. This paper describes the scientific objectives and background, the technical implementation and the capabilities of MIDAS as they stand after the commissioning of the flight instrument, and the implications for cometary measurements.     

先驱体法制备SiC陶瓷纤维过程中聚碳硅烷纤维的交联方式

先驱体交联处理是SiC陶瓷纤维制备过程中的主要步骤。为了更好地促进交联技术的发展，本文详细综述了先驱体法制备了SiC陶瓷纤维过程中聚碳硅烷纤维的交联方式，比较了各种交联方式的优缺点，指出了各种交联方式的适用范围，为交联方式的选择提供一些参考。     

聚碳硅烷纤维的不熔化处理研究(Ⅱ)─-放大工艺的研究

采用熔融纺丝法纺出连续PCS纤维束,研究了升温制度、纤维装填量以及过热现象等因素对PCS纤维不熔化结果的影响,探讨了不熔化工艺的优化。结果表明,低温段慢速升温,中温段延长保温时间,高温段进一步强化的升温制度是比较合理的。纤维装填质量及密度增大到一定程度后,会因散热不利而引起急剧高温,导致纤维的熔并。急剧放热引起纤维结构的变化较大,而且内部纤维与表层纤维的反应程度不同。